China is the most populous country in the world with a population of 1.4
billion. Huge in size, bordering 14 countries. 91% of the ethnic group
are Han Chinese. Religiously, 74% are atheists, 18% are Buddhists, 5%
are Christians, and 1.5% are Muslims.
The Constitution of China
is an average constitution. There are some good aspects, but not too
special, because the constitutions of some other countries of the world
are more beautiful. Significant aspects of the Chinese constitution
include ensuring the improvement of workers' living standards, improving
the housing system, protecting the environment, and encouraging
scientific research. According to Article 36 of the Constitution, no one
can use religion to disrupt public order. However, the most interesting
is Article 87. According to this Article, the term of politicians has
been limited.
These are positive aspects. Now let's discuss the negative aspects.
Although looking at the Chinese parliament, it seems that multi-party
democracy exists here. Hoax in reality. There are 2,980 members of the
Chinese legislature, of which 2,098 are members of the ruling Communist
Party of China. The structure of the Chinese parliament is exceptional
and strange. A Standing Committee enjoys most of its power. With 175
members, this Standing Committee basically manages everything. Of these
175 members, 116 are members of the Communist Party of China. Article 1
of the constitution of this so-called multi-party democracy states that
the country will be governed by the Communist Party of China. End of the
story.
At the same time, there are some ridiculous aspects in
the context of reality, of which paragraph 35 is worth mentioning. The
article says, "Citizens of the People's Republic of China enjoy freedom
of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of procession and
of demonstration."
Admirable Articles of China's Constitution
Article 9
Mineral resources, waters, forests, mountains, grassland, unreclaimed land, beaches and other natural resources are owned by the state, that is, by the whole people, with the exception of the forests, mountains, grassland, unreclaimed land and beaches that are owned by collectives in accordance with the law.
The state ensures the rational use of natural resources and protects rare animals and plants. The appropriation or damage of natural resources by any organization or individual by whatever means is prohibited.
Article 14
The state continuously raises labor productivity, improves economic results and develops the productive forces by enhancing the enthusiasm of the working people, raising the level of their technical skill, disseminating advanced science and technology, improving the systems of economic administration and enterprise operation and management, instituting the socialist system of responsibility in various forms and improving organization of work.
The state practices strict economy and combats waste.
The state properly apportions accumulation and consumption, pays attention to the interests of the collective and the individual as well as of the state and, on the basis of expanded production, gradually improves the material and cultural life of the people.
The State establishes a sound social security system compatible with the level of economic development.
Article 26
The state protects and improves the living environment and the ecological environment, and prevents and controls pollution and other public hazards.
The state organizes and encourages forestation and the protection of forests.
Article 36 (Part of it)
The state protects normal religious activities. No one may make use of religion to engage in activities that disrupt public order, impair the health of citizens or interfere with the educational system of the state.
Article 38
The personal dignity of citizens of the People's Republic of China is inviolable. Insult, libel, false charge or frame-up directed against citizens by any means is prohibited.
Article 40
The freedom and privacy of correspondence of citizens of the People's Republic of China are protected by law. No organization or individual may, on any ground, infringe upon the freedom and privacy of citizens' correspondence except in cases where, to meet the needs of state security or of investigation into criminal offenses, public security or procuratorial organs are permitted to censor correspondence in accordance with procedures prescribed by law.
Article 47
Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the freedom to engage in scientific research, literary and artistic creation and other cultural pursuits. The state encourages and assists creative endeavors conducive to the interests of the people made by citizens engaged in education, science, technology, literature, art and other cultural work.
Article 54
It is the duty of citizens of the People's Republic of China to safeguard the security, honor and interests of the motherland; they must not commit acts detrimental to the security, honor and interests of the motherland.
Article 55
It is the sacred obligation of every citizen of the People's Republic of China to defend the motherland and resist aggression.
It is the honorable duty of citizens of the People's Republic of China to perform military service and join the militia in accordance with the law.
Article 75
Deputies to the National People's Congress may not be called to legal account for their speeches or votes at its meetings.
Article 87
The term of office of the State Council is the same as that of the National People's Congress.
The Premier, Vice-Premiers and State Councilors shall serve no more than two consecutive terms.
Facts of China's Constitution
Article 1
The People's Republic of China is a socialist state under the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants.
The socialist system is the basic system of the People's Republic of China. The leadership of the Communist Party of China is the defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Sabotage of the socialist system by any organization or individual is prohibited.
Article 35
Citizens of the People's Republic of China enjoy freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of procession and of demonstration.
Article 53
Citizens of the People's Republic of China must abide by the Constitution and the law, keep state secrets, protect public property and observe labor discipline and public order and respect social ethics.
Article 62 (Part of it)
The National People's Congress exercises the following functions and powers:
- To amend the Constitution;
Article 64
Amendments to the Constitution are to be proposed by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress or by more than one-fifth of the deputies to the National People's Congress and adopted by a majority vote of more than two-thirds of all the deputies to the Congress.
Statutes and resolutions are adopted by a majority vote of more than one-half of all the deputies to the National People's Congress.
