Ukraine is a European country located on the shores of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, sharing a border with Russia, Belarus, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova. Ethnically, the majority of Ukraine's population is Ukrainian, followed by Russian. The official language is Ukrainian. Religiously, the majority is Christian.
Parents are obliged to support their children until they attain the age of majority. Adult children are obliged to care for their parents who are incapable of work. Everyone has the right to receive compensation from the state for damage caused by illegal or erroneous decisions of public institutions and their officials in the exercise of their authority. Establishment of extraordinary and special courts is not permitted.
The State ensures the personal security of a judge and members of his or her family. This is a very important matter, if a judge is intimidated by terrorist groups or mafia groups, it may not be possible for him to deliver an impartial verdict.
Admirable Articles of Ukraine's Constitution
Article 3
The human being, his or her life and health, honour and dignity, inviolability and security are recognised in Ukraine as the highest social value.
Human rights and freedoms and their guarantees determine the essence and orientation of the activity of the State. The State is answerable to the individual for its activity. To affirm and ensure human rights and freedoms is the main duty of the State.
Article 13
The land, its mineral wealth, atmosphere, water and other natural resources within the territory of Ukraine, the natural resources of its continental shelf, and the exclusive (maritime) economic zone, are objects of the right of property of the Ukrainian people. Ownership rights on behalf of the Ukrainian people are exercised by bodies of state power and bodies of local self-government within the limits determined by this Constitution.
Every citizen has the right to utilise the natural objects of the people's right of property in accordance with the law.
Property entails responsibility. Property shall not be used to the detriment of the person and society.
The State ensures the protection of the rights of all subjects of the right of property and economic management, and the social orientation of the economy. All subjects of the right of property are equal before the law.
Article 15
Social life in Ukraine is based on the principles of political, economic and ideological diversity.
No ideology shall be recognised by the State as mandatory.
Censorship is prohibited.
The State guarantees freedom of political activity not prohibited by the Constitution and the laws of Ukraine.
Article 28
Everyone has the right to respect of his or her dignity.
No one shall be subjected to torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment that violates his or her dignity.
No person shall be subjected to medical, scientific or other experiments without his or her free consent.
Article 29
Every person has the right to freedom and personal inviolability.
No one shall be arrested or held in custody other than pursuant to a substantiated court decision and only on the grounds and in accordance with the procedure established by law.
In the event of an urgent necessity to prevent or stop a crime, bodies authorised by law may hold a person in custody as a temporary preventive measure, the reasonable grounds for which shall be verified by a court within seventy-two hours. The detained person shall be released immediately, if he or she has not been provided, within seventy-two hours from the moment of detention, with a substantiated court decision in regard to the holding in custody.
Everyone arrested or detained shall be informed without delay of the reasons for his or her arrest or detention, apprised of his or her rights, and from the moment of detention shall be given the opportunity to personally defend himself or herself, or to have the legal assistance of a defender.
Everyone detained has the right to challenge his or her detention in court at any time.
Relatives of an arrested or detained person shall be informed immediately of his or her arrest or detention.
Article 30
Everyone is guaranteed the inviolability of his or her dwelling place.
Entry into a dwelling place or other possessions of a person, and the examination or search thereof, shall not be permitted, other than pursuant to a substantiated court decision.
In urgent cases related to the preservation of human life and property or to the direct pursuit of persons suspected of committing a crime, another procedure established by law is possible for entry into a dwelling place or other possessions of a person, and for the examination and search thereof.
Article 35
Everyone has the right to freedom of personal philosophy and religion. This right includes the freedom to profess or not to profess any religion, to perform alone or collectively and without constraint religious rites and ceremonial rituals, and to conduct religious activity.
The exercise of this right may be restricted by law only in the interests of protecting public order, the health and morality of the population, or protecting the rights and freedoms of other persons.
The Church and religious organisations in Ukraine are separated from the State, and the school - from the Church. No religion shall be recognised by the State as mandatory.
No one shall be relieved of his or her duties before the State or refuse to perform the laws for reasons of religious beliefs. In the event that the performance of military duty is contrary to the religious beliefs of a citizen, the performance of this duty shall be replaced by alternative (nonmilitary) service.
Article 37
The establishment and activity of political parties and public associations are prohibited if their programme goals or actions are aimed at the liquidation of the independence of Ukraine, the change of the constitutional order by violent means, the violation of the sovereignty and territorial indivisibility of the State, the undermining of its security, the unlawful seizure of state power, the propaganda of war and of violence, the incitement of inter-ethnic, racial, or religious enmity, and the encroachments on human rights and freedoms and the health of the population.
Political parties and public associations shall not have paramilitary formations.
The creation and activity of organisational structures of political parties shall not be permitted within bodies of executive and judicial power and executive bodies of local self-government, in military formations, and also in state enterprises, educational establishments and other state institutions and organisations.
The prohibition of the activity of associations of citizens is exercised only through judicial procedure.
Article 39
Citizens have the right to assemble peacefully without arms and to hold meetings, rallies, processions and demonstrations, upon notifying in advance the bodies of executive power or bodies of local self-government.
Restrictions on the exercise of this right may be established by a court in accordance with the law and only in the interests of national security and public order, with the purpose of preventing disturbances or crimes, protecting the health of the population, or protecting the rights and freedoms of other persons.
Article 42
Everyone has the right to entrepreneurial activity that is not prohibited by law.
The entrepreneurial activity of deputies, officials and officers of bodies of state power and of bodies of local self-government is restricted by law.
The State ensures the protection of competition in entrepreneurial activity. The abuse of a monopolistic position in the market, the unlawful restriction of competition, and unfair competition, shall not be permitted. The types and limits of monopolies are determined by law.
The State protects the rights of consumers, exercises control over the quality and safety of products and of all types of services and work, and promotes the activity of public consumer associations.
Article 44
Those who are employed have the right to strike for the protection of their economic and social interests.
The procedure for exercising the right to strike is established by law, taking into account the necessity to ensure national security, health protection, and rights and freedoms of other persons.
No one shall be forced to participate or not to participate in a strike.
The prohibition of a strike is possible only on the basis of the law.
Article 47
Everyone has the right to housing. The State creates conditions that enable every citizen to build, purchase as property, or to rent housing.
Citizens in need of social protection are provided with housing by the State and bodies of local self-government, free of charge or at a price affordable for them, in accordance with the law.
No one shall be forcibly deprived of housing other than on the basis of the law pursuant to a court decision.
Article 51
Marriage is based on the free consent of a woman and a man. Each of the spouses has equal rights and duties in the marriage and family.
Parents are obliged to support their children until they attain the age of majority. Adult children are obliged to care for their parents who are incapable of work.
The family, childhood, motherhood and fatherhood are under the protection of the State.
Article 52
Children are equal in their rights regardless of their origin and whether they are born in or out of wedlock.
Any violence against a child, or his or her exploitation, shall be prosecuted by law.
The maintenance and upbringing of orphans and children deprived of parental care is entrusted to the State. The State encourages and supports charitable activity in regard to children.
Article 56
Everyone has the right to compensation, at the expense of the State or bodies of local self-government, for material and moral damages inflicted by unlawful decisions, actions or omission of bodies of state power, bodies of local self-government, their officials and officers during the exercise of their authority.
Article 59
Everyone has the right to professional legal assistance. Such assistance is provided free of charge in cases envisaged by law. Everyone is free to choose the defender of his or her rights.
Article 62
A person is presumed innocent of committing a crime and shall not be subjected to criminal punishment until his or her guilt is proved through legal procedure and established by a court verdict of guilty.
No one is obliged to prove his or her innocence of committing a crime.
An accusation shall not be based on illegally obtained evidence as well as on assumptions. All doubts in regard to the proof of guilt of a person are interpreted in his or her favour.
In the event that a court verdict is revoked as unjust, the State compensates the material and moral damages inflicted by the groundless conviction.
Article 125 (Part of it)
Establishment of extraordinary and special courts is not permitted.
Article 126 (Part of it)
Independence and inviolability of a judge are guaranteed by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine.
Any influence on a judge is prohibited.
Judge shall not be detained or kept under custody or under arrest without the consent of the High Council of Justice until a guilty verdict is rendered by a court, except for detention of a judge caught committing serious or grave crime or immediately after it.
The grounds to dismiss a judge are the following:
● inability to exercise his or her authority for health reasons;
● commission by him or her of a serious disciplinary offence, flagrant or permanent disregard of his or her duties incompatible with the status of judge or reveal his or her non-conformity with being in the office;
● submission of a statement of resignation or voluntary dismissal from office;
● refusal to be removed from one court to another in case the court in which a judge holds the office is to be dissolved or reorganised;
● violation of the obligation to justify the legality of the origin of property.
The powers of a judge shall be terminated in case of:
● the judge's attainment of the age of sixty-five;
● taking effect of a court decision on recognition or declaration of a judge missing or dead, or on recognition of a judge to be legally incapable or partially legally incapable;
● death of a judge;
● taking effect of a guilty verdict against him or her for committing a crime.
The State ensures the personal security of a judge and members of his or her family.
