Vietnam is an Asian country located on the shores of the Gulf of Thailand, and the South China Sea, sharing a border with China, Laos, Cambodia. The population of this country is approx 10,03,00,000 with 3,31,344 square kilometers area. Ethnically 86% are Vietnamese, the official language is Vietnamese, and 86% of citizens do not believe in any religion.
According to the Vietnamese Constitution, everyone has the right to donate human tissue, organs, and corpses. In this case, medical, pharmaceutical, and scientific experiments and any other type of experiments on the human body must have the consent of the person performing them.
Everyone in the state has the right to believe in any religion or not. All religions have equal status in the eyes of the state.
These are positive aspects. Now let's discuss the negative aspects.
Vietnam is a one-party state. The only legal political party is The Communist Party of Vietnam.
Admirable Articles of Vietnam's Constitution
Article 15
1. Citizen's rights are inseparable from citizen’s duties.
2. Every one has the duty to respect the other’s rights.
3. Citizens are responsible to practice their duties to the state.
4. The practice of human rights and citizen’s rights cannot infringe national interests, and the other’s legal and legitimate rights.
Article 16
1. All citizens are equal before the law.
2. No one shall be discriminated in his or her political, civic, economic, cultural, and social life.
Article 19
Every one has the right to live. Human life is protected by the law. No one shall be illegally deprived of his or her life.
Article 20 (Part of it)
● Every one has the right to donate human tissues and organs and to donate corpse in concordance with the law. Medical, pharmaceutical, and scientific experimentation and any other forms of experimentation on human body must have the agreement of the applied.
Article 24
1. Every one shall enjoy freedom of belief and of religion; he can follow any religion or follow none. All religions are equal before the law.
2. The State respects and protects freedom of belief and of religion.
3. No one has the right to infringe on the freedom of belief and religion or to take advantage of belief and religion to violate the laws.
Article 31
1. A defendant shall be regarded as innocent until the crime is proved by in accordance with legal procedure and the sentence of the Court has acquired full legal effect.
2. A defendant must be trialed timely, equally, and publicly by courts within the time provided by law. If the case is heard in closed doors in accordance to the law, the verdict must be pronounced in public.
3. No one shall be trialed two times for one offense.
4. Any person who has been arrested, held in custody, prosecuted, brought to trial in violation of the law has the right to self-defend or to seek the assistance of defence from lawyers or other people.
5. Any person who has been arrested, held in custody, prosecuted, brought to trial, and sent in jail in violation of the law shall be entitled to damages for any material harm suffered and his reputation shall be rehabilitated. Anybody who contravenes the law in arresting, holding in custody, prosecuting, bringing to trial, and sending in jail another person thereby causing him damage shall be dealt with in accordance to the law.
Article 32
1. Every one enjoys the right of ownership with regard to his lawful income, savings, housing, chattel, means of production funds in enterprises or other economic organizations.
2. The right of private ownership and the right of inheritance are protected by the law.
3. In cases made absolutely necessary by reason of national defence, security and the national interest, in case of emergency, and protection against natural calamity, the State can make a forcible purchase of or can requisition pieces of property of individuals or organizations against compensation, taking into account current market prices.
Article 34
Citizen has the right to social insurance.
Article 35
1. Citizen has the right to work and to select career, job, and workplace.
2. Worker shall be provided equal and safe conditions of work and shall be paid with salary and enjoy break policy.
3. Discrimination, forced labor, and employment of worker under minimum age of labor are strictly prohibited.
Article 36
1. Male and female have the right to marry and divorce. Marriage shall conform to the principles of free consent, progressive union, monogamy and equality between husband and wife, and mutual respect.
2. The State protects marriage and family, and protects interests of mothers and children.
Article 39
Citizen has the right and the duty to learn.
Article 43
Every one has the right to live in fresh environment and has the duty to protect the environment.
Article 53
The land, water resources, mineral resources, wealth lying underground or coming from the sea and the air, other natural resources, and property invested and managed by the State are public properties, coming under ownership by the entire people represented and uniformly managed by the State.
Article 54
1. Land is special resource of the nation, an important resource of national development, and is managed in concordance with the law.
2. Organizations and individuals are entitled to land assignment, land lease, and recognition of the land use right by the State. Land user has the right to transfer the land use right, and practice related rights and duties in concordance with the law. The land use right is protected by the law.
3. The State shall recover land used by organizations and individuals in imperative cases provided by the law for the purposes of national defence, national security, and socio-economic developments for national and public interests. The recovery of land must be public and transparent, and compensations must be provided in concordance to the law.
4. The State shall effect acquisition of land in cases of urgent demands which are provided by the law with respect to the implementation of the businesses of national defence, national security, and wars, emergency, and prevention and protection against natural calamities.
Facts of Vietnam's Constitution
Article 4
1. The Communist Party of Vietnam, the vanguard of the Vietnamese working class, simultaneously the vanguard of the toiling people and of the Vietnamese nation, the faithful representative of the interests of the working class, the toiling people, and the whole nation, acting upon the Marxist-Leninist doctrine and Ho Chi Minh's thought, is the leading force of the State and society.
2. The Communist Party of Vietnam maintains intimate contact with the people, serves the people, submits to people’s supervision, and is accountable to the people in its decisions.
3. All Party organizations and members of the Communist Party of Vietnam operate within the framework of the Constitution and the laws.
